The leading global lifestyle brand for gamers, Razer™ has announced the signing of Counter-Strike legend Nikola "NiKo" Kovač, to Team Razer. This exciting partnership comes as Razer celebrates its 20th anniversary, marking two decades of innovation and excellence in the gaming and esports industry. Widely regarded as the Greatest Of All Time rifler in Counter-Strike history, NiKo is renowned for his exceptional mechanical precision, game sense, and strategic gameplay in one of the world’s most popular and successful tactical shooter game franchise. With this partnership, Razer continues to raise the bar in its long-standing commitment to supporting the esports community and pro athletes. Team Razer marks NiKo’s first personal brand partnership, a testament to Razer’s unwavering dedication to fostering innovation in the esports industry while providing high-performance gaming gear to pro athletes. As a Team Razer athlete, NiKo will collaborate closely with Razer’s innovation and product teams to help refine and develop the next generation of gaming gear for pro players. He will also take part in exclusive activations, product launches, and content initiatives, offering fans an inside look into his competitive journey for the first time. “I have known Razer as long as I have known Counter-Strike—about 20 years. 2025 is an exciting time to join Razer as they are celebrating their 20th anniversary this year. As an esports player, having the support of a brand that shares my passion for excellence and innovation is extremely important. Razer is top-tier in my books, and I am hyped about what we are going to do together,” said Nikola "NiKo" Kovač. “We are proud to welcome NiKo to Team Razer. NiKo is a true legend in Counter-Strike—one of the most skilled and dominant players the game has ever seen. His talent, dedication to excellence and relentless pursuit of victory perfectly align with Razer’s commitment to supporting the esports community, fostering innovation, and delivering the best esports gear for champions.” said Jeffrey Chau, Director of Global Esports at Razer. “From the first conversation, it was clear that NiKo and Razer speak the same language when it comes to performance and long-term ambition. Some partnerships feel strategic. This one felt natural, like bringing NiKo home. We’re proud to have helped spark that moment and be part of NiKo's very first personal partnership,” said Albin Molines, JAM Management. NiKo has cemented his legacy with nine international championship victories, earning nine MVPs. His unparalleled skill and command of the game have led him to triumph in premier tournaments such as IEM Katowice, BLAST Premier World Final, and IEM Cologne. Notably, many of these victories were secured using Razer’s high-performance gaming gear, including the Razer Viper V3 Pro, ranked as the #1 mouse used by esports pros according to Prosettings.net (April 2025); Razer Huntsman V3 Pro; and Razer DeathAdder V3 Pro Faker Edition.

Noodles, the beloved and versatile staple found in cuisines across the globe, have been captivating taste buds for centuries. From the streets of Tokyo to the trattorias of Rome, noodles come in countless shapes, sizes, and flavours. Let's take a look through the world of noodles, exploring their history, regional variations, and the sheer delight they bring to our plates. A Brief History of Noodles The history of noodles is a fascinating tale that spans centuries and continents. While the exact origin of noodles remains debated, it is widely believed that they were independently invented in various cultures. Chinese noodles, with a history dating back over 4,000 years, are among the oldest known examples. Legend has it that Marco Polo introduced Chinese noodles to Italy during his travels in the 13th century, leading to the birth of pasta as we know it. Varieties of Noodles The diversity of noodles is staggering, and each culture has its own unique spin on this culinary delight. Here are some noteworthy examples: Italian Pasta: Italy boasts an astounding array of pasta shapes and sizes, from delicate angel hair to hearty pappardelle. Favourites like spaghetti, fettuccine, and ravioli are enjoyed worldwide. Chinese Noodles: China's contribution to the world of noodles is vast. You'll find everything from chewy hand-pulled noodles to delicate wonton wrappers, with regional specialties like Beijing's zhajiangmian and Sichuan's fiery dan dan noodles. Japanese Ramen: Ramen has evolved into an international sensation. Whether you prefer the rich, pork-based tonkotsu or the clear, soy-based shoyu, there's a ramen for every palate. Thai Pad Thai: A stir-fried noodle dish with a perfect blend of sweet, sour, and spicy flavours, pad Thai is a Thai street food classic. Korean Jajangmyeon: These black bean sauce noodles are a Korean comfort food staple. The thick, savoury sauce is balanced by the chewy noodles. Vietnamese Pho: Pho is a fragrant and hearty noodle soup, typically made with beef or chicken. It's famous for its complex, aromatic broth. Greek Pastitsio: A Greek baked pasta dish, pastitsio combines tube-shaped pasta with a rich, meaty sauce and a creamy béchamel topping. Noodles Around the World Noodles have become integral to the culinary identity of many countries. Here's a glimpse into how noodles are enjoyed around the world: China: In China, noodles are a daily staple. From street-side stalls serving bowls of hand-pulled noodles to fine dining establishments offering intricate noodle dishes, China's noodle culture is diverse and deeply rooted. Italy: Italy's pasta traditions are world-famous, with countless regional specialties. Pasta is often enjoyed with simple yet flavourful sauces, highlighting the quality of the ingredients. Japan: Ramen shops are a common sight in Japan, and each region has its own unique style. Savour the flavours of tonkotsu in Fukuoka, or enjoy the clean simplicity of shio ramen in Hokkaido. Thailand: Street vendors in Thailand whip up pad Thai with a dazzling array of ingredients, from shrimp and tofu to bean sprouts and peanuts. It's a dish that perfectly balances sweet, sour, and spicy notes. South Korea: Jajangmyeon is popular in South Korea, especially as a comforting dish for special occasions. It's a rich, satisfying dish that combines noodles with black bean sauce. Noodles are more than just a source of sustenance; they're a celebration of culture, history, and flavour. Whether you're twirling Italian pasta, slurping Japanese ramen, or savouring a spicy bowl of Thai pad Thai, noodles have a universal appeal that transcends borders and continues to delight taste buds worldwide. So, the next time you're in search of a culinary adventure, consider embarking on a noodle expedition—you'll be sure to discover oodles of noodles and endless gustatory delights.

New data from the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) reveals that small firms’ confidence levels are in a rut amid a rising tide of costs and taxes. FSB’s latest Small Business Index (SBI) for Q1 2025 shows a modest improvement in small business confidence, now at -40.7 points, compared to -64.5 in Q4 2024, though it still represents a very negative level. A striking 85 per cent reported rising costs, compared to the same period last year, with nearly a quarter (23%) saying their costs had increased by more than ten percent – a clear sign of mounting financial pressure. The top three biggest cost drivers are utilities (52.7%), labour costs (51.5%) and taxes (42.7%). Tax is in fact the second biggest barrier to growth, with 47 per cent citing it as a key factor, marking the highest level in over a decade. Employment trends add another layer of concern, as only eight per cent of businesses saw an increase in staff numbers over the quarter, while more than double that – 21 per cent – had to reduce their workforce. This could be partly due to the challenges introduced by the upcoming Employment Rights Bill, which FSB has warned will make hiring more challenging for small firms, adding to the pressures they already face. Increases to National Insurance Contributions (NICs) above the expanded Employment Allowance threshold are also causing concern. Elsewhere, twice the number of firms have reported lower revenues in the past quarter (50.6%) than reported higher revenues (25.2%). Worryingly, just 50 per cent of those who applied for credit had their applications approved, and nearly half of these approvals (47%) were used to manage cash flow. To mitigate these issues, FSB is asking for the Government to ensure: The Spending Review includes promises from every Cabinet Minister to help small businesses in the department they lead, and includes a Statutory Sick Pay Rebate to help with the rising cost of sickness absence. The Small Business Strategy ends the scourge of late payments by delivering a full, strong payment package that ensures small firms are paid on time, by giving audit committees oversight of payment practices. The King’s Speech contains a dedicated Small Business Bill, including reforms to personal guarantee rules to make it easier for small businesses to invest. The Autumn Budget focuses on creating conditions for growth, including delivering on the Chancellor’s pre-election promise to reform business rates to help small businesses and the high street, and indexes the Employment Allowance to the National Living Wage The Employment Rights Bill is amended to give greater protection to firms taking on new staff, removing increased tribunal risks during the initial employment period. Tina McKenzie, FSB’s Policy Chair, said: “There’s been a modest improvement in small firms’ confidence, but the outlook remains pessimistic." “There is no way to sugarcoat the impact that rising costs and higher taxes are having on small firms. Their already tight budgets are being stretched thin, and it’s making it harder to thrive in a demanding economic climate." “The upcoming Employment Rights Bill is weighing heavily on the minds of small business owners. It’s clearly holding up job creation at a time it’s needed the most, pushing the idea of investing and expanding to the back of their minds." “Meanwhile, looming rises to Employer National Insurance Contributions (NICs) are also taking a toll. However, it’s important to remember that small firms can benefit from the Employment Allowance, which FSB co-created with the Government, and exempts employers from paying the first £10,500 of national insurance." “The focus now must shift on easing these pressures on small businesses. Lower taxes and practical support must take priority in the Autumn Budget to give small firms the breathing room they need to thrive." “That would allow small businesses to reinvest, grow and play their part in driving the economy forward.”

Nestlé is pleased to announce the appointment of Stefano Bolognese as the new Managing Director for Nestlé Waters & Premium Beverages UK, effective 1 April 2025. He succeeds Grant McKenzie, who has been appointed Head of Northern Europe for Nestlé Waters & Premium Beverages. In his new role, Stefano will join the Nestlé UK & Ireland leadership team and oversee the Waters & Premium Beverages business in the UK, which includes esteemed water brands such as Princes Gate, Buxton, Nestlé Pure Life, as well as S.Pellegrino and the Sanpellegrino Italian Sparkling Drinks range. Stefano brings extensive leadership experience and a strong commitment to sustainability to Nestlé Waters & Premium Beverages UK. He will guide the team in enhancing market share, delivering exceptional value for customers, and helping achieve a circular economy and a positive water impact where the business operates. Since joining Nestlé in 2000, Stefano has held various leadership positions in sales, marketing, and business development across the waters and food categories in Italy. Most recently, he lead the Sanpellegrino International Business Unit in Italy, where he significantly strengthened the Acqua Panna, S.Pellegrino, and Sanpellegrino Beverages portfolios globally. Reflecting on his new position, Stefano Bolognese said: “I am honoured to step into the role of Managing Director for Nestlé Waters & Premium Beverages UK at such an exciting time for the business. My focus will be on nurturing the truly remarkable brands we have here, including Buxton and Princes Gate. I can see that I'm joining a fantastic team and I'll be looking to create an environment where they can excel even further and continue the great work they're already doing, like the latest innovative water capture project in Pembrokeshire.” Stefano has a degree in economics from Bocconi University, Milan. He is married with three children. His passions are sport, cooking, gardening, and travelling.

JCB is set to double the size of a new factory currently under construction in Texas as the company confirmed that newly-announced tariffs will impact its business in the short-term. JCB has been manufacturing in the USA for 50 years, and last year bought 400 acres of land in San Antonio after recognising the need to produce even more machines in North America, where the company’s existing manufacturing plant in Savannah, Georgia, has operated for 25 years and employs around 1,000 people. The original plan for a 500,000 square feet factory in San Antonio has now been revised and JCB is forging ahead with plans to double its size to one million square feet. The new $500 million plant is due to start production next year and employ up to 1,500 people and will build on JCB’s growth in North America. JCB Chairman Anthony Bamford said: “JCB has been in business for 80 years this year and we are well accustomed to change. The United States is the largest market for construction equipment in the world and President Trump has galvanised us into evaluating how we can make even more products in the USA, which has been an important market for JCB since we sold our first machine there in 1964.” JCB CEO Graeme Macdonald said: “In the short term, the imposition of tariffs will have a significant impact on our business. However, in the medium term, our planned factory in San Antonio will help to mitigate the impact. We are thankful that the tariff is only 10% and we can only hope that the UK Government will conclude negotiations on a trade deal in the coming days and weeks.”

The release of Netflix’s Adolescence has reignited concerns about how digital content is shaping young minds. The show highlights the impact of excessive screen time, raising uncomfortable questions for parents about the content their children consume and the long-term effects it may have on their mental health and behaviour. In an era where smartphones and social media dominate, children are more connected than ever, but at what cost? Recent studies have linked excessive screen exposure to anxiety, depression, and developmental delays. Even more concerning is the rise of the "red pill effect," where unfiltered online content influences children's worldviews in ways they may not fully understand. Stephen Buchwald is a licensed mental health therapist and co-founder of Manhattan Mental Health , specialising in adolescent psychology and digital wellness. With years of experience helping families navigate screen-time challenges, he provides expert guidance on balancing technology use with mental well-being. “Parents often assume their child is just watching innocent content, but the reality is that many children are exposed to misinformation, toxic ideologies, and social pressures online. Without proper guidance, this can significantly impact their emotional and psychological development.” Below, we explore the hidden dangers of excessive screen time and what parents can do to protect their children. 1. The Unseen Psychological Toll of Excessive Screen Time A growing body of research suggests that extended screen time affects brain development in children and adolescents. Constant digital stimulation can lead to: Reduced attention spans – Studies show that frequent social media use rewires the brain for short bursts of dopamine-driven content, making it harder for kids to focus on long-form reading or deep thinking. Increased anxiety and depression – Research from JAMA Pediatrics found that excessive screen time is linked to higher rates of mood disorders in teens. Social comparison, cyberbullying, and exposure to distressing content contribute to these mental health issues. Disrupted sleep patterns – The blue light from screens interferes with melatonin production, leading to poor sleep, which in turn affects mood, concentration, and overall well-being. “We see more young patients struggling with anxiety and self-esteem issues tied to excessive digital engagement. Many parents don’t realise just how much their child’s mental health is being shaped by the online world.” 2. The ‘Red Pill’ Effect Shapes a Child’s Perspective The internet’s algorithm-driven nature means that once a child engages with certain content, they are repeatedly exposed to similar material. This can lead to the "red pill effect," where children unknowingly absorb harmful narratives, including: Toxic masculinity and extreme ideologies – Some online communities promote unhealthy ideas about gender roles, relationships, and self-worth. Misinformation and conspiracy theories – Without critical thinking skills, children may struggle to differentiate between factual content and manipulated narratives. Unrealistic beauty standards and body image issues – Social media filters and curated lifestyles can distort a child’s self-perception, leading to body dysmorphia and self-esteem struggles. “Many kids don’t seek out dangerous content, but they’re drawn into it through algorithms. A simple video on fitness can lead to extreme diet culture; a clip on self-improvement can spiral into toxic masculinity rhetoric. Parents need to be aware of what their child is watching.” 3. Social Skills and Real-World Interaction at Risk While digital platforms enable instant communication, they cannot replace face-to-face interaction. Studies show that children who spend excessive time online may struggle with: Reading social cues – In-person interactions teach children how to interpret body language, tone, and emotions, skills that cannot be learned through text or emojis. Building strong relationships – Shallow digital friendships often replace meaningful real-world connections, leading to increased loneliness. Handling conflict and emotional regulation – In-person disagreements require negotiation and compromise, whereas online conflicts often result in blocking or avoidance. A report from The Independent highlights how increased screen time is linked to a decline in children's social skills. Stephen advises parents to encourage activities that promote real-world interactions, such as team sports, volunteering, or simply having regular family discussions. How Parents Can Take Control Managing a child’s screen time in a digital age is challenging, but not impossible. Here are some practical ways to strike a balance: Set clear boundaries – Establish screen-free times, such as during meals or before bedtime. Encourage alternative activities – Introduce hobbies that don’t involve screens, such as reading, sports, or arts and crafts. Monitor and discuss online content – Instead of banning certain platforms outright, have open discussions about the content your child consumes. Use parental controls wisely – Tools like screen time limits and content filters can help, but they should be paired with education about digital literacy. Lead by example – Children mimic adult behaviour, so being mindful of your own screen habits sets a powerful precedent. “The goal isn’t to eliminate screens entirely, but to create a healthier relationship with technology. Parents who engage in conversations, set boundaries, and educate their children on media literacy will help them navigate the digital world safely.” Parents must arm themselves when fostering their child’s emotional well-being in a technology-driven world. By staying informed and engaged, you can help your child develop a healthy balance between online and offline life.

One of Cornwall’s oldest coaching inns, which has hosted renowned historical figures - including kings and poets - reopens following a transformative refurbishment by owners St Austell Brewery. Nestled among towering clifftops in the heart of the quaint harbour village of Boscastle, The Wellington boasts a stunning new look, complete with an extensive terrace dining area, alongside three bar and restaurant spaces. Its 14 bedrooms and three family-sized apartments have also been elegantly and sensitively renovated. The reopening of the pub, affectionately known as ‘The Welly’, marks the first of three investment projects across St Austell Brewery’s 45-strong managed pub estate this year. The highly anticipated transformations at Pedn Olva in St Ives and the Royal Castle in Dartmouth will follow later this year. The Wellington’s new design, inspired by its rich history - including its resilience through the devastating 2004 flood - draws from the surrounding woodland and coastal landscape. Original features such as the large open fire in the main bar, stained-glass panelling, and other period details have been lovingly preserved, ensuring a connection between past and present. Additionally, the restoration of a previously condemned fireplace means the pub now boasts three open fires, further enhancing its warmth and character. St Austell Brewery has introduced a locals’ snug area and additional intimate dining spaces on the first floor. The careful design blends tradition and modernity, ensuring that the heart and soul of the building have been preserved. The newly extended bar will also offer a wider selection of St Austell Brewery’s award-winning beers. With the addition of the terrace, the pub will boast 125 covers inside and 100 outside. A revamped food menu, championing local produce, will feature the freshest fish from Matthew Stevens, meat sourced from Redruth-based butcher Brian Etherington and artisanal bread from Baker Toms. Guests can choose from three room types: The Welly Rooms - super-premium suites with spacious layouts, the best views, and thoughtful touches to enhance the stay, as well as premium and cabin rooms, offering a variety of accommodation options. The Wellington also features 10 dog-friendly bedrooms, with all rooms providing plush swim robes and beach bags for guests to use, whether for a harbour dip or a visit to the secret tidal pool just steps away. Andrew Turner, Chief Operating Officer at St Austell Brewery, said:  “We are incredibly excited to be reopening The Wellington, the first of three major refurbishments across our managed estate this year. When we acquired the pub three years ago, we had a vision of what it could be and following this investment, we believe that The Wellington has been transformed for the next chapter of its wonderful history. We can’t wait to welcome our regulars and visitors back to showcase our award-winning hospitality.” Past guests include King Edward VII and the esteemed novelist and poet Thomas Hardy, who gifted the pub intricate brass and ruby glass oil lamps. These historic fixtures take pride of place in the guest areas, complemented by modern design touches and historic artwork that celebrate the building’s evolution. The Spy Glass, which can be booked for private functions, and Chart Room upstairs, offer northerly views through tall windows that rise across the hill above the River Valency. The names of the rooms pay homage to the area’s maritime heritage, with their walls adorned with images of Arthur Wellesley, The Duke of Wellington, after whom the building is named. Natasha Milne, Property Director at St Austell Brewery who has overseen the project, said: “We are delighted to unveil the transformation of The Wellington. Our focus has been on preserving its character and heritage while incorporating modern touches, including a welcoming and accessible outdoor seating area. We’re excited for both locals and visitors to experience it, and we can’t wait to hear their thoughts.” The Wellington forms part of St Austell Brewery’s growing managed estate across the South West, and its pub team - who have been working at other St Austell Brewery pubs during the four-month renovation - is being led by general manager Taylor Cameron. This project follows the success of previous major renovations, including the Pier House in Charlestown, the Rising Sun in St Mawes and the Masons Arms in Branscombe.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are being deployed across industries and sectors of the economy; it is certainly a global problem. At first glance, international law seems like an obvious way forward: a platform designed to address cross-border issues. But this is far from reality. The international law lens is in fact highly superficial and relies on categories that do not reflect the political economy and dynamics of AI. Mauricio Figueroa argues why we need to look beyond the conventions of international law to regulate AI. I. The Nature of International Law Traditionally, public international law has been primarily – but not exclusively – concerned with the obligations of states, interactions of international organisations, and the recognition of individuals as rights bearers. Conversely, private international law seems to have been concerned with market dynamics, handling contractual transactions, jurisdictional issues, and commercial rights. The generation, commercialisation, and adoption of algorithmic systems was, until recently, largely related to the latter, based on principles and legal institutions of private law, such as torts, copyright, or contract law. The landscape, however, began mutating as AI’s potential risks and impacts gained attention, and incited international bodies like UNESCO to issue its Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in November 2021, adopted by all 193 Member States and intended to be universally applicable, despite its non-binding nature. In a similar vein, the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence released its final report Governing AI for Humanity on September 19, 2024. The report includes non-binding recommendations intended to guide the behaviour of states and international organisations, but it also symbolises how a topic like AI governance is now of global relevance and it signals to member States to engage in international efforts to address such a complex global issue. Furthermore, the recent endorsement by the Council of Europe of the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225) might be seen as a landmark in the evolution of legal frameworks around Artificial Intelligence (AI), as it is the first binding agreement with a global focus. II. Wrong Targets The dichotomy of interests among states, dictated by disparate economic structures and varying levels of technological sophistication, profoundly complicates the drafting and adoption of a global instrument to govern AI. This disparity is further complicated by the dominance of large technology firms, commonly referred to as Big Tech, which wield significant influence over the AI landscape. These corporations often operate beyond the regulatory reach of states. Crafting international treaties that effectively regulate these corporations is thus fraught with difficulties, as these instruments must tackle, or at least acknowledge, the interplay between state obligations and corporate power. For instance, the Framework Convention falls short of touching the substance of AI-related risks. In its 36 articles, it encapsulates a broad consensus around notions established in the international discourse around AI: protecting human dignity, individual autonomy, transparency, accountability, preserving privacy, risk assessments, procedural safeguards, remedies, and so forth. It does not introduce innovative mechanisms or profound insights into managing AI’s complex socio-legal implications. But the issue at core is not a matter of limitations within the particular Convention per se but rather the very nature of AI. AI systems are part of a highly complex landscape where a handful of corporations exercise power well beyond the realm of corporate affairs. This operates within the new economic logic that scholars like Julie E. Cohen and Manuel Castells have referred to as informational capitalism. The challenge lies in that domestic legal frameworks, both directly and indirectly, support the prevailing informational capitalist economy: contract law through terms of service and non-disclosure agreements, intellectual property regimes that protect corporate secrecy, corporate law that governs financial allocations, complex tort law that limits extra-contractual liabilities, and even privacy as well, in the form of data protection statutes that predominantly confer individual rather than collective rights, which could otherwise serve to address issues such as data collection, processing, and web scraping more effectively. Public international law’s approach to AI regulation, which predominantly places the burden on States to enforce compliance, tends to overlook the profit-driven dynamics and influence of major technology powerhouses, and, on a deeper level, the stark disparities in enforcement capabilities among nations, particularly regarding the expertise and resources needed to establish effective regulatory oversight. The disparity in oversight and compliance is particularly evident in emerging economies within the Global South or Majority World, where the capacity to regulate and contend with algorithmic decisions and the corporations behind them is often inadequate, with information collection and processing activities within algorithmic systems mediating the citizen-state relationship, wherein national and subnational governments find it difficult to enforce corrections or even understand the full extent of the technology’s impacts. Big Tech corporations, with their extensive resources and global reach, present a major challenge to national governance structures, making the enforcement of international AI governance mostly aspirational. The significant influence and power of multinational technology corporations pose a unique challenge, as these entities often have more resources than the countries in which they operate, and more often than not they relegate corporate activities to outsourced firms in the Global South, instances like in the case of OpenAI and Kenyan content moderators illustrate how enforcement of AI-related rights and rules in emerging economies is certainly challenging. Moreover, as Chinmayi Arun points out with precision, the regulatory discourse surrounding AI must contend with a globalised operational framework in which companies outsource data annotation to one nation, test algorithms in another, and deploy products with societal risks across multiple jurisdictions. Legal frameworks that fail to interrogate the power dynamics of these private actors, and the economic systems that propel their actions, risk perpetuating regulatory blind spots. Particularly, international law appears ill-suited to engage with these complexities, a deficiency rooted in its historical detachment from the analytical tools of political economy. III. A Word on Political Economy To grapple with the pressing legal challenges posed by AI, lawyers and legal scholars must confront the political economy underpinning these systems. Sadly, despite valuable academic efforts, the term often escapes the notice of practitioners and scholars alike, largely due to its lack of familiarity. The marginalisation of the term may arise, in part, from an unfounded assumption that it entails a wholesale critique of capitalism’s role in shaping AI’s development and being the cause of its negative externalities. But such a reading misses the mark. In fact, that would be rather simplistic because it would reduce complex social, political, and technological phenomena to a general critique of profit-driven motives. First, while different harms associated with AI systems may certainly be characterised as consequences of profit maximisation, in line with a capitalism-focused approach, the lens of political economy interrogates the why, who, and how. It asks why these harms arise, who is benefited or oppressed, and how policy, governance, and power relations shape technological outcomes. Secondly, a capitalist critique may well frame digital technologies and their development and deployment as tools for capital accumulation. Yet, political economy reveals how AI is co-constituted by both economic and political forces, rather than being purely driven by market dynamics. Thirdly, while capitalism critiques may highlight global exploitation, political economy shows how AI systems reinforce dependencies and inequalities between nations, and the monopolisation of AI infrastructure by a few corporations. Finally, political economy recognises that capitalism is not monolithic. Furthermore, it doesn’t necessarily aim to overthrow capitalism outright but instead offers a more granular analysis of its intersections with other forces, allowing for critique without fatalism, reflecting on spaces for reform, resistance, and alternative approaches. With notable exceptions, international law rarely engages with general capitalism-focused critiques and has yet to become sensible to specific political economy approaches. The latter is crucial for understanding the AI landscape and its affordances. IV. Ways Forward The recent interest and involvement of international law scholars and practitioners in the realm of governance of algorithmic systems is interesting on different levels. However, initiatives like the first global Framework convention or global recommendations by international bodies seem to the missing the wider picture. The lifecycle of AI systems – from design and development, through deployment, to eventual decommissioning – is intertwined with the political economy of major tech companies. This relationship significantly alters any attempt for regulatory paradigms and highlights the challenges of establishing a governance model that adequately addresses AI and its broad implications. The real value of recent international law involvement in this field lies in the opportunity it presents for widespread dialogue within the legal community at large beyond legal siloes; but also with other disciplines, urging a re-evaluation of traditional legal frameworks in light of AI’s complex and dynamic nature. This collaborative approach is essential for developing legal responses that are not only technically effective but also socially responsible, ensuring that AI development, commercialisation and deployment align precisely with the values and principles that international bodies enshrined. The increasing prominence of AI within the domain of international law offers an enlarged space for enriched dialogue across legal subdisciplines, as well as with disciplines beyond the legal realm. A more granular understanding of the political economy of AI and the lifecycle of AI systems will not only highlight the potential relevance of international law and its instruments, but also reveal its overall shortcomings and the limits of its applicability. Public international law will be part of the solution but not the solution for AI governance. About the Author - Mauricio Figueroa is a legal researcher and the host of the Society for Computers and Law ('SCL') Podcast, Privacy and Technology Laws Around the World. SCL is the leading educational charity for the tech law community, with a UK-wide vision and global significance. Their mission is to inform and educate legal and technology professionals, academics, students and the wider audience on the impact of IT on law and legal practice. SCL works to promote ideals of best practice, thought leadership, and the fostering of a global tech law community. This article was first published on their website and has been reproduced with their permission. Find out more about SCL and the work they do here

Responding to the news that tariffs will be imposed on UK firms exporting to the US, Tina McKenzie, Policy Chair of the Federation of Small Businesses, said: “The news of 10 per cent tariffs on UK-US trade is a major blow to SMEs. Currently, 59 per cent of small UK exporters sell into the US market." “Tariffs will cause untold damage to small businesses trying to trade their way into profit while the domestic economy remains flat. The fallout will stifle growth, hurt opportunities, and put a serious dent in the global economy. Now, we’ll need to look at the fine print to work out the precise implications for the UK’s small exporters." “We support the push for an agreement between the UK and US governments that brings an end to tariff wars and puts SMEs at its centre by reducing non-tariff barriers." “It’s already tough out there for small firms wanting to export. However, the opportunities it brings are endless – allowing them to tap into new markets and diversify their revenue streams. Those who do export are more likely to grow faster during tough economic times, too." “The UK Government should now be ready to provide emergency assistance to any SMEs at risk of collapse. This will provide breathing space and support, protect people's wages, and ensure that suppliers owed payments are paid - all helping to contain the fallout and allow firms a bridge as they adapt.”

Veenow Vineyard is proud to announce that after extensive research and assistance it will be the first operator and sales agent of the UV Boosting technology to be at the forefront of sustainability in UK vineyards. After a year of research into the usage of UV-C and the different application methods, Robert and Katie came across UV Boosting based in France and made contact with Emanuele who was very helpful in explaining independent research and historic data from trials covering over 7 years. After testimonials from other operators around the world on what they can achieve it was a straightforward decision with a visit to the headquarters just outside Paris. Robert Greenow from Veenow Vineyard commented: “We decided to choose UV Boosting due to the patented technology, robust build quality and technical ability within the team, which made it a great partnership. The benefits are huge across our 40 acre vineyard which are not only financial but they also increase the sustainability of our spray regime." The effect of using UV-C from the UV Boosting Flash Technology allows Veenow to: Reduce the risk of frost by up to 50% pre-stimulating the vines at bud burst with a single pass up to 48 hours before a frost period. Reduce the amount of chemicals by up to 60% when treating downy and powdery mildew with 3 to 4 stimulations per season. Reduction of disease within the vineyard of 40% on average with mildews. Enhance vine vigour which leads to a potential 13% increase in yield as the vine has had less stress periods from stimulating self defence mechanisms prior to the problem developing within the vine. Veenow plans to carry out 4-5 passes over the season but also run trials amongst its varieties such as Pinot Noir, Bacchus, Chardonnay, Meunier and Cabernet Noir. “Interestingly the key benefit with a PIWI due to its existing resistance to mildews is frost protection and yield increase” which alone pays for the application of UV-C” says Robert Greenow. “We decided to be the first in the UK as our passion is sustainability while maintaining quality clean grapes for harvest” explains Katie Greenow. “Combining this technology with digestate application and specialist cover cropping is hopefully setting an example that monoculture, mass production vineyards are different to us here.” “We are very excited at UV Boosting to have a first unit running in the UK in 2025” says Baptiste Rouesné, CEO of the company. “We have seen the British vineyards grow rapidly in the last years and hopefully we will be able to deploy many more units in the coming years.”

Arco , the UK and Ireland’s leading safety expert, opens its doors on a cutting-edge Customer Discovery Centre, marking a bold investment designed to transform customer experience and drive industry innovation. This state-of-the-art facility brings together product expertise, advanced safety training, and industry collaboration under one roof. Designed to engage with customers and suppliers, the Discovery Centre showcases Arco’s integrated safety solutions featuring its independent UKAS and SATRA accredited Product Assurance Lab with a dedicated space for product innovation. As part of this investment, Arco has also expanded its training offering with a brand-new practical training facility, broadening its national coverage of training centres for workers in the highest risk industries. Specialising in confined space and working at height ‘hands-on’ training alongside a multitude of classroom-based courses, this Safety Services centre of excellence increases accessibility to critical safety education. With three flexible learning spaces, innovative displays, and cutting-edge technology, the Discovery Centre is designed to adapt to the needs of customers and colleagues alike, making it a premier destination for training, collaboration, and knowledge-sharing. Now operational, customers can explore the latest advancements in safety, PPE and workwear, undertake training courses and receive expert guidance on product selection and development under one roof. CEO of Arco, Guy Bruce said: “We’re thrilled to open our new state of the art Customer Discovery Centre. It’s our way of giving customers fresh inspiration and ultimate safety confidence day in day out." “By investing in world-class facilities and smarter ways to engage with our customers, this is more than an upgrade to our services, it’s a strategic shift in how our customers interact with Arco and how our safety solutions are developed, shared, and experienced. The future of safety is here, and this immersive space truly demonstrates the value available to all customers when they have the best in the safety business at their side. We’re looking forward to hosting our customers and partners here for years to come.”

Airport engaging in extended process for final decision on its Northern Runway plans, following the announcement that the Secretary of State is ‘minded to approve’ the project. More airlines flew from London Gatwick than ever before in 2024, with significant growth in long-haul services across China, Africa, India, and the Middle East. London Gatwick demonstrates leadership on sustainability after issuing its largest ever financial bond, based on achieving carbon reduction targets. Work starts on a £140m extension to mid-airfield pier to support increased capacity. London Gatwick has published its full financial results for 2024, when it welcomed a total of 43.2m passengers, up 5.7% on the previous year. The successful year was driven by significant growth in the choice of airlines and destinations with 57 airlines serving the airport - more than ever before. 2024 results included: Revenue at £1,130.3m (up 11.3%), driven by growth in airline network and passenger numbers Revenue includes aeronautical income at £599.4m (up 9.8%), retail income of £241.3m (up 16.2%) and car parking income of £147.8m (up 11.3%) Profit for the period at £342.9m (up 8.9%), with EBITDA at £679.6m (up 10.0%) Investing in sustainable growth Following the recent announcement that the Secretary of State for Transport, Heidi Alexander, is minded-to approve the airport’s Northern Runway plans, London Gatwick is engaging fully in the extended process toward a final decision. When approved, the privately financed £2.2bn project will deliver 14,000 new jobs and £1bn a year in economic benefits. Construction is progressing on a £140m extension to Pier 6. When complete in 2027, eight new aircraft gates will benefit over 500,000 passengers currently bussed to their aircraft each year. A £60m project to install Next Generation technology on its security lanes means that the airport is now fully compliant with government regulations. The new technology will enhance passenger and cabin baggage screening by allowing passengers to keep liquids and electrical items in their hand luggage. Delivering outstanding choice and service The UK’s Civil Aviation Authority recently recognised London Gatwick’s proposal to extend the current ‘Commitments’ regulatory framework until 31 March 2029, and considered that it represents the interests of consumers. The proposal also demonstrates our strong collaboration with airlines, allowing them to plan and grow for the future. London Gatwick served 53 long-haul routes in 2024 including new routes to Singapore, Beijing and Guangzhou in China, Baku (Azerbaijan), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan), and Tashkent (Uzbekistan). In total the airport served 19 destinations across Asia – including China, India, and the Middle East - 13 in North and South America, 16 in Central America and the Caribbean and five across Africa. 20 new retail outlets also opened in 2024. With the support of our frontline colleagues, passengers received great service as the airport hit 99% of its service standard metrics across the year. This included more than 95% of passengers passing through security in five minutes or less. Sustainability at the heart of the business London Gatwick has published its 2024 Decade of Change Performance Summary report today - tracking the performance of 42 metrics across three themes: People and Communities, Net Zero, and Local Environment. Highlights include cutting carbon emissions for London Gatwick’s on-airport fleet by 90% after swapping diesel fuel in 300 vehicles to Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil. The airport also issued its largest ever bond to the financial markets during the period. The EUR750m sustainability-linked bond is based on achieving two carbon reduction targets (see notes) and demonstrates London Gatwick’s commitment to support the transition to a decarbonised aviation sector. Stewart Wingate, Chief Executive, London Gatwick, said: “Thanks to the dedication of teams across the airport and investment in new facilities and services, our passengers received outstanding service throughout the year. We also offered a record-breaking choice of airlines and destinations, and this has driven our strong financial performance in 2024." “Today’s results come off the back of the announcement that the Government is minded to approve our privately financed Northern Runway plans. We stand ready to deliver these plans and will continue to engage fully in the extended process towards a final decision and the realisation of 14,000 new jobs and a £1bn injection into the economy each year."